FGV Audited Financial Statements 2020

3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) (t) Revenue recognition (continued) (i) Revenue from contracts with customers (continued) Revenue from contracts with customers is measured at its transaction price, being the amount of consideration which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as sales and service taxes or goods and service tax. If the amount of consideration varies due to discounts, rebates, penalties or other similar items, the Group and the Company estimate the amount of consideration that it expects to be entitled based on the expected value method or the most likely outcome but the estimation is constrained up to the amount that is highly probable of no significant reversal in the future. Transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative standalone selling prices of each distinct good or service promised in the contract. (a) Plantation Sector comprising palm upstream, palm downstream, research, development and agri-services In the palm upstream operations, the Group sells agricultural produce such as crude palm oil (“CPO”), fresh fruit bunches (“FFB”), palm kernel (“PK”) and rubber products. In the palm downstream operations, the Group sells refined bleached deodorised oil (RBD), palm olein (PO) products, crude palm kernel oil (CPKO), packed product, fatty acids and glycerine, biodiesel and biomass generation (sale of electricity). In the research, development and agri-services operations, the Group sells fertilisers, seedlings, rat poison, agronomic services and others. Revenue from sales of agriculture produce and goods from these operations is recognised net of discount and taxes at the point in time when control of the goods has transferred to the customer. Depending on the terms of the contract with the customer, control transfers either upon delivery or shipment of goods to the specific location agreed with the customers, the risks of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the customers, and either the customers have accepted the goods in accordance with the sales contract, the acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Group has objective evidence that all criteria for acceptance have been satisfied. Revenue from providing services is recognised in the accounting period in which the services are rendered. For fixed- price contracts, revenue is recognised based on the actual service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be provided because the customers receive and use the benefits simultaneously. This is determined based on the actual labour hours spent relative to the total expected labour hours. If the contract includes an hourly fee, revenue is recognised in the amount to which the Group has a right to invoice. Customers are generally invoiced on a monthly basis and consideration is payable when invoiced. Some contracts include multiple or bundled deliverables, such as the delivery of the goods on board vessels or tankers that are often bundled with freight services. In most cases, such delivery of goods is simple, does not include an integrated service, could be performed by another party and the customers can benefit from the sale of goods and freight services on its own or with the use of other resources. It is therefore accounted for as a separate performance obligation. There is no element of financing present as the sales is made with credit terms of up to 90 days. The transaction price will be allocated to each performance obligation based on the stand-alone selling prices. Where these are not directly observable, they are estimated based on expected cost plus margin. If contracts include delivery of goods, revenue for the goods are recognised at a point in time when the goods are delivered, the legal title has passed and the customers have accepted the goods. 44 Notes to the Financial Statements For The Financial Year Ended 31 December 2020 FGV HOLDINGS BERHAD Audited Financial Statement 2020